By Desmond Nleya
A stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die, making stroke a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
Causes of Stroke
Strokes are mainly caused by problems with blood flow in the brain. The two main types are:
Ischemic Stroke (most common – about 85% of cases):
Caused by a blood clot blocking a brain artery.
Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and heart disease.
Hemorrhagic Stroke:
Caused by a blood vessel bursting and bleeding into the brain.
Often linked to uncontrolled high blood pressure, aneurysms, head injuries, or excessive use of blood thinners.
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA or “Mini-stroke”):
A temporary blockage of blood flow.
Warning sign that a major stroke may occur in the future.
Symptoms of Stroke
The symptoms usually appear suddenly and require urgent medical attention. A simple way to remember is FAST:
F – Face drooping: One side of the face may droop or feel numb.
A – Arm weakness: One arm may feel weak or numb.
S – Speech difficulties: Slurred speech or trouble understanding others.
T – Time to call emergency services immediately.
Other symptoms may include:
Sudden vision problems in one or both eyes.
Severe headache with no known cause.
Loss of balance, dizziness, or trouble walking.
Confusion and trouble understanding.
Prevention of Stroke
Since many strokes are linked to lifestyle and health conditions, prevention is possible through healthy habits:
Control blood pressure – Keep it within normal range.
Manage cholesterol and diabetes – Regular check-ups and medication if needed.
Eat a healthy diet – Reduce salt, sugar, and saturated fats; eat more fruits and vegetables.
Exercise regularly – At least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days.
Quit smoking and limit alcohol – These raise the risk of stroke.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Regular medical check-ups – Especially if there is family history of stroke.
Treatment and Cure for Stroke
Early treatment is critical in reducing damage and improving recovery.
Emergency Treatment
For ischemic stroke: Medications to dissolve clots (like clot-busting drugs) must be given within a few hours.
For hemorrhagic stroke: Surgery may be needed to repair blood vessels or reduce pressure in the brain.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Physical therapy: Helps regain movement and strength.
Speech therapy: Assists in restoring communication abilities.
Occupational therapy: Helps with daily activities.
Medication: To prevent future strokes, such as blood thinners, cholesterol-lowering drugs, or blood pressure medicine.
Long-Term Management
Lifestyle changes and regular monitoring are essential to prevent recurrence.
Stroke is a serious but often preventable condition. Quick recognition of symptoms and immediate medical care can save lives and reduce disability. Living a healthy lifestyle and controlling medical risk factors are the best ways to prevent stroke.
